WordPress database error: [Unknown table 'articlemyriad.wp_option_tree']DROP TABLE wp_option_tree
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'general_settings' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('general_settings', 'General Settings', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_alt_stylesheet' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_alt_stylesheet', 'Theme Skin', 'Select the CSS skin of your blog from here', 'select', '1-default,2-blue,3-green,4-red,5-bottlegreen')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_favicon' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_favicon', 'Favicon', 'Paste the full URL for your favicon image from here if you wish to show it in browsers. <a href="http://www.favicon.cc/">Create one here</a>', 'upload', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_logo_url' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_logo_url', 'Custom Logo', 'Paste the full URL to your logo image here or choose the one from Browse', 'upload', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_show_blog_title' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_show_blog_title', 'Choose Blog Title over Logo', 'This option will overwrite your logo selection above - You can <a href="options-general.php">change your settings here</a>', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_feedburner_url' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_feedburner_url', 'Syndication / Feed URL', 'Enter RSS URL (if you are using Feedburner, else leave this blank)', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_tweet_button' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_tweet_button', '"Tweet" button', 'Show "Tweet" button on post detail page', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_facebook_button' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_facebook_button', '"Facebook Like" button', 'Show "Facebook Like" button on post detail page', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_date_format' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_date_format', 'Date Format', 'Enter date format Ex. d/m/Y OR M j, Y', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'pttheme_contact_email' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('pttheme_contact_email', 'Contact Form Email', 'Enter your Email address for Contact Form', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_breadcrumbs' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_breadcrumbs', 'Breadcrumbs Navigation', 'Display Breadcrumbs navigation. i.e. Home > Blog > Title - <a href=options-general.php?page=yoast-breadcrumbs.php">Change options here</a>', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_auto_install' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_auto_install', 'Disable Auto Install', 'Want to disable Auto Install ?', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_postcontent_full' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_postcontent_full', 'Content Display', 'Instead of default Post excerpts display Full Post Content in Category Listing', 'radio', 'Full Content,Excerpt')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_content_excerpt_count' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_content_excerpt_count', 'Content Excerpt Word Count', 'Enter Content Excerpt Word Count.', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_content_excerpt_readmore' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_content_excerpt_readmore', 'Content Excerpt \"Read More\" Link Text', 'Enter Content Excerpt \"Read More\" Link Text', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'navigation_settings' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('navigation_settings', 'Navigation Settings', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_top_pages_nav_enable' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_top_pages_nav_enable', 'Top Header Navigation Settings', 'Wish to activate Top Header Navigation?', 'radio', 'Activate,Deactivate')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_top_pages_nav' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_top_pages_nav', 'Top Header Navigation Pages', 'Select Pages which you wish to show in Top Navigation', 'pages', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_category_top_nav' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_category_top_nav', 'Top Header Navigation Article Category', 'Select Categories which you wish to show in Top Navigation', 'categories', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_main_pages_nav_enable' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_main_pages_nav_enable', 'Main Header Navigation Settings', 'Wish to activate Main Header Navigation?', 'radio', 'Activate,Deactivate')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_include_main_nav' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_include_main_nav', 'Main Navigation Pages', 'Select Pages which you wish to show in Main Navigation', 'pages', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_category_main_nav' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_category_main_nav', 'Main Navigation Article Category', 'Select Categories which you wish to show in Main Navigation', 'categories', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_top_home_links' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_top_home_links', 'Top Navigation Home Links', 'Display home link in top navigation', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_main_nav_home_links' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_main_nav_home_links', 'Main Navigation Home Links', 'Display home link in main navigation', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'header_footer_scripts' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('header_footer_scripts', 'Add Scripts', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_scripts_header' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_scripts_header', 'Header Scripts', 'If you need to add scripts to your header (like <a href="http://haveamint.com/">Mint</a> tracking code), do so here.', 'textarea', '10')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_scripts_footer' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_scripts_footer', 'Footer Scripts', 'If you need to add scripts to your footer (like <a href="http://www.google.com/analytics/">Google Analytics</a> tracking code), do so here.', 'textarea', '10')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'seo_options' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('seo_options', 'SEO Options', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_home_title_seo' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_home_title_seo', 'Home Title', 'Home Title for SEO', 'textarea', '3')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_home_desc_seo' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_home_desc_seo', 'Home Description', 'Home description for SEO', 'textarea', '10')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_home_keyword_seo' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_home_keyword_seo', 'Home Keywords', 'Home keywords for SEO (comma separated)', 'textarea', '10')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_category_noindex' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_category_noindex', 'Use noindex for Categories', 'Check this box for excluding category pages from being crawled', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_archives_noindex' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_archives_noindex', 'Use noindex for Archives', 'Do you want to index Archives ? This helps in removing duplicate content from being indexed', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_tag_archives_noindex' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_tag_archives_noindex', 'Use noindex for Tag Archives', 'Do you want to index Tags ? This helps in removing duplicate content from being indexed', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'pttheme_seo_hide_fields' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('pttheme_seo_hide_fields', 'Hide SEO Custom Fields', 'Check this to hide the custom SEO fields created in post and page screens', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_use_third_party_data' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_use_third_party_data', 'Use Third Party SEO Plugin', 'Data added to custom fields in post & pages will be used where applicable', 'radio', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_notification_type' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_notification_type', 'Email Notifications Type', 'select Email Notifications options', 'radio', 'PHP Mail, WP SMTP Mail')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'post_settings' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('post_settings', 'Posts', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_home_page' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_home_page', 'Home Page', 'Enter Number of post in home page', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_cat_page' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_cat_page', 'Archive Page', 'Enter Number of post in Archive Page', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_search_page' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_search_page', 'Search Page', 'Enter Number of post in search page', 'input', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_listing_date' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_listing_date', 'Listing Post Date', 'Display post date in listing pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_listing_tags' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_listing_tags', 'Listing Post Tags', 'Display post tags in listing pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_listing_category' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_listing_category', 'Listing Post Category', 'Display post category in listing pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_listing_comment' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_listing_comment', 'Listing Post Comment', 'Display post comment in listing pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_listing_author' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_listing_author', 'Listing Post Author', 'Display post author in listing pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_details_date' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_details_date', 'Detail Post Date', 'Display post date in detail page', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_details_tags' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_details_tags', 'Detail Post Tags', 'Display post tags in detail pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_details_category' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_details_category', 'Detail Post Category', 'Display post category in detail pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_details_comment' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_details_comment', 'Detail Post Comment', 'Display post comment in detail pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_details_author' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_details_author', 'Detail Post Author', 'Display post author in detail pages', 'select', 'Yes,No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_pagination' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_pagination', 'Pagination', '', 'radio', 'Default + WP Page-Navi support, AJAX-fetching posts')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_common_settings' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_common_settings', 'Style & Color Settings', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_fonts' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_fonts', 'Fonts', 'Choose your site fonts', 'select', 'Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif, Arial, Arial Black, Trebuchet MS, Helvetica, sans-serif, Georgia, Times New Roman, Times, serif,')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_body_background_color' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_body_background_color', 'Body Background Color', 'Choose your site background color', 'colorpicker', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_body_background_image' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_body_background_image', 'Body Background Image', 'Upload background image from here', 'upload', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_body_bg_postions' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_body_bg_postions', 'Body Background Image Postions', 'Select body background image postion', 'select', 'no-repeat,repeat,repeat-x,repeat-y,repeat-y center top,repeat-y left top')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_link_color_normal' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_link_color_normal', 'Link Color Normal', 'Select link color normal', 'colorpicker', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_link_color_hover' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_link_color_hover', 'Link Color Hover', 'Select Hover link color', 'colorpicker', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_main_title_color' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_main_title_color', 'Main Title Color', 'Select main title color', 'colorpicker', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_customcss' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_customcss', 'Use Custom Stylesheet', 'If you want to make custom design changes using CSS enable this and <a href="theme-editor.php">edit custom.css file here</a>', 'radio', 'Activate, Deactivate')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_page_layouts' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_page_layouts', 'Page Layout', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_page_layout' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_page_layout', 'Page Layout', 'Select page layout', 'select', 'Full Page, Page 2 column - Right Sidebar, Page 2 column - Left Sidebar, Page 3 column - Fixed, Page 3 column - Right Sidebar, Page 3 column - Left Sidebar')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_bottom_options' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_bottom_options', 'Select footer top', 'select bottom section options', 'select', 'Two Column - Right(one third), Two Column - Left(one third), Equal Column, Three Column, Fourth Column, Full Width')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_article_setting' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_article_setting', 'Article Settings', '', 'heading', '')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_articlelisting_expiry_disable' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_articlelisting_expiry_disable', 'Disable Article Expiry ', 'Wish to disable article expiry process? If you disable the option, none of article will expire in future.', 'radio', 'Yes, No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_articlelisting_preexpiry_notice_disable' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_articlelisting_preexpiry_notice_disable', 'Disable Article Expiry Email Notification', 'Wish to disable article pre expiry notification to author? If you disable the option, pre expiry email notification will stop.', 'radio', 'Yes, No')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_articlelisting_preexpiry_notice_days' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_articlelisting_preexpiry_notice_days', 'Number of days Before Pre Expiry', 'Enter number of days before pre expiry notification Email will be sent.', 'select', '1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_articlelisting_ex_status' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_articlelisting_ex_status', 'Article Expiry Status', 'Select the article status after the article expires..', 'select', 'draft, publish, trash')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_article_status' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_article_status', 'Article Status', 'Select the article status for the article submit..', 'select', 'draft, publish, trash')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_articlecategory_dislay' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_articlecategory_dislay', 'Add Article page Settings', 'Category display settings', 'select', 'checkbox, radio, select')
WordPress database error: [Duplicate entry 'ptthemes_addarticle_captcha' for key 'item_id']INSERT INTO `wp_option_tree` (`item_id`, `item_title`, `item_desc`, `item_type`, `item_options`) VALUES ('ptthemes_addarticle_captcha', 'Captcha', 'Captcha Validation on Add Article Page', 'radio', 'Yes, No')
What makes the debate about Satan as a hero in Paradise Lost so charged for many readers is that the traditional image of a hero is a figure, generally a man, who is a fundamentally good person confronting challenges and overcoming them successfully. In Paradise Lost, however, this hero archetype is challenged completely, especially by the character of Satan. All of the characters are complex, containing contradictory dualities. Perhaps what is even more notable is that in Paradise Lost, even God himself cannot be classified as a hero according to the traditional definition. In fact, He may be the most anti-heroic character of all in this epic and is presented in a way that makes the reader fear (or even resent) him rather than see him in the traditional religious way we are expected to see God. Along with this theme from Paradise Lost, it should be noted that Milton’s God is not a friendly God seeking intimacy of any kind with his followers; He is a powerful ruler for despot who will bestow blessings if His will is followed and eternal damnation if it is not. God sets the rules because He can; He does not need to justify or explain himself to any living being. If these rules are violated, however, God is capable of terrible wrath, as evidenced when Satan is expelled from His kingdom forever. God cannot be the hero of Milton’s epic Paradise Lost, at least not according to the definition of a traditional hero.
Heroes are more complex, Aristotle argued, than the classical archetype permits. They are good, appealing people who make mistakes; they are people who enjoy favor and prosperity but who are inhibited and limited by a character flaw which jeopardizes their situation and forces them to test their own competence. In short, heroes are human. This is Aristotle’s concept of hamartia, and it is a useful construct for analyzing Milton’s Paradise Lost. The concept of hamartia permits the reader to identify the dualities of the characters that are not on immediate display. Satan epitomizes hamartia. He has profound ideas and questions, but his tragic flaw is that he becomes misguided so easily. Nonetheless, he is heroic because he is earnest and persistent in pursuing what he believes to be true, which is made clear in one of the important quotes from “Paradise Lost” by John Milton, “The mind is its own place, and in itself/Can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven./What matter where, if I still be the same….” (Book I, ll. 254-256), he asks. He wants to be different, transformed by knowledge about God’s true nature, as well as his own. Satan dares to challenge God, articulating the doubts and questions that he has because he thinks that doing so is the only way to find answers. He did not challenge God with the intent of being deceptive, rebellious, or hateful, although all three of these characteristics emerge later, after he has been sent into perpetual exile. On the contrary, Satan in Paradise Lost seemed to want to invite conversation as a means of understanding himself and the world better. For the reader of Paradise Lost who can identify and empathize with Milton’s Satan, he can be seen as a heroic figure, for he gives voice to what we ourselves might think or feel but are afraid to articulate. Although he is a bit naïve in this representation in Paradise Lost, Satan raises legitimate philosophical questions: Is it wrong for humans to think that they are equal to God, since humans were supposedly created in God’s own image? The question is a bold one, and the honest reader might secretly admire that Satan was courageous enough to ask God this question.
The other problem that one might have in conceptualizing Satan as a traditional hero in Paradise Lost is that he does not, in the end, prevail or achieve his goal. Nevertheless, the reader can admire Satan’s fearlessness and tenacity in pursuing the answers to his questions. He is bitter, but he also acknowledges the reality of his circumstances. As Satan himself says, “Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven” (Book I, l. 263). This acceptance of his conditions and the commitment to moving forward despite them makes him heroic, and an analysis of some of the events in Book II of Paradise Lost by John Milton reveals some of Satan’s heroic characteristics, especially when contrasted with God. As ruler of Hell, Satan strives for equality and fairness. In Book II of Paradise Lost, Satan calls his band of rebel angels to a community forum so that they can voice their opinions and strategize with him in plotting against God. He asks his followers, “[B]y what best way…Whether of open war or covert guile,/We now debate; who can advise, may speak” (Book II, ll. 40-42). Various angels add their opinions and the community votes on the strategy. Satan then asks for volunteers to help implement the strategy, a point which is important because it demonstrates how democratic Satan is. He does not draft or otherwise compel his followers to do his will simply because he says so; in fact, because none of his followers volunteer, Satan decides he will implement the plan himself. His followers are almost embarrassed, so profound is their awe, as evidenced by this and other important passages from Paradise Lost: “Towards him they bend/With awful reverence prone; and…/Extol him equal to the highest in heaven” (Book II, ll. 477-479). The fact that he stops along his journey to reflect upon his decision reveals that Satan has the capacity for heroic insight. He pauses at Mt. Niphates, where he“torments inwardly” (Book IV, l. 88), considering what has happened to him so far. He wonders, “[I]s there no place/Left for repentance, none for pardon left?” (Book IV, ll. 79-80), and decides, based upon his experiences, that there is not: “So farewell hope, and with hope farewell fear,/Farewell remorse: all good to me is lost” (Book IV, ll. 108-109). Satan, like any true hero, experiences this profound existential despair but pushes forward. Even though he is misguided, perhaps, he remains faithful to his own ideals and beliefs, as incongruent as they are with social norms.
Milton’s Satan in Paradise Lost starts out whole and good, just as all human beings do, but he undergoes a transformation. The transformation, however, does not diminish him as a heroic figure as long as the reader is willing to reject the traditional archetype of the hero. When the reader of Paradise Lost can embrace the concept of a hero as a basically good person who has either a flaw or a challenging experience that is not simple to resolve, the notion of a hero is permitted to expand substantially. Satan is ultimately a heroic figure in Paradise Lost because he is able to bear the weight of impossible pain and suffering while still moving forward and fighting for what he believes in. In the process, he attempts to empower others and he successfully elicits the reader’s identification and empathy. The reader of Milton’s Paradise Lost need not agree with Satan’s plan of revenge in order to consider him a hero. A hero is someone who persists against all odds, someone who is willing to plunge into the depths of his or her inner being, as frightening and as dangerous as that process might be. He recognizes the risks of his decisions, and he acts anyway. Aristotle’s concept of hamartia helps the reader to acknowledge that a true hero is not one who is wholly good. Instead, a true hero is an individual who is willing and able to acknowledge his or her human complexity and to continue facing the challenges of life regardless of the obstacles placed in one’s path. Satan is such a hero.
Other essays articles in the Literature Archives related to this topic include : Character Analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost Against other Literary Characters • A Critical Reading of Adam’s Fall in “Paradise Lost” by John Milton The Forbidden Quest for Knowledge in Doctor Faustus and Paradise Lost • The Classic Epic Hero & Star Wars • Character Analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost Against other Literary Characters
Works Cited
Baxter, John, and Patrick Atherton, eds. Aristotle’s Poetics. Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1997.
Milton, John. Paradise Lost. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
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